Oakwoods Streets

Introduction

• In 1977 Jack Snyder created the Oakwoods Planned Unit Development (PUD)
  • PUD is a legal agreement
  • It is binding for 100 years
  • Requires private streets to be maintained and repaired by Oakwoods Homeowners Association (OHA)
• In 2001 Jim Karch, city engineer and Oakwoods resident, constructed a comprehensive record for a street report

Oakwoods Streets

History of Street Maintenance and Repair

• Detailed records of repair work are not available
• According to Karch and current records
  • Eight streets have been resurfaced
  • Others have been patched
• Some streets (e.g. Spiria) are 29 years old and never resurfaced
• Some streets are relatively new (Palm and Persimmon), but have had extensive patching
• All streets (except portions of Woodhavens and Timberview) are now showing signs of aging

PASER Scale for Asphalt Conditions

Description

• PASER scale developed by the Univerisity of Wisconsin
• City of Bloomington evaluates streets according to PASER scale
• Bloomington City Engineer, Jeff Kohl, evaluated and rated the streets according to the PASER Manual in March 2009

For more information, please consult the Asphalt PASER Manual (http://tic.engr.wisc.edu)

PASER Scale

Declining Street Conditions

PASER Scale

Rating: 10 - Excellent

• No visible distress
• Newly Constructed
• Needs no maintenance

PASER Scale

Rating: 6 - Good

• Slight raveling and traffic wear
• Longitudinal cracks, 1/4" to 1/2" some spaced less than 10'
• First sign of block cracking
• Slight to moderate flushing or polishing
• Occasional patching in good condition
• Shows signs of aging
• Structural condition is sound
• Life can be extended with a seal coat

PASER Scale

Rating: 5 - Fair

• Moderate to severe raveling
• Longitudinal and transverse cracks open 1/2"
• Shows signs of slight raveling in secondary cracks
• Longitudinal cracks near pavement edge
• Block cracking over 50% of the surface
• Extensive to severe flushing or polishing
• Some patching or edge wedging in good condition
• Surface is aging
• Structure is still sound
• Can be repaired with seal coat or thin non-structural overlay (<2")

PASER Scale

Rating: 4 - Fair

• Severe surface raveling
• Multiple longitudinal and transverse cracking with slight raveling
• Longitudinal cracking in wheel path
• Block cracking over 50%
• Patching in fair condition
• Slight rutting or distortions 1/2"
• Significant aging and first signs of need for strengthening
• Would benefit from structural overlay (2" or more)

PASER Scale

Rating: 3 - Poor

• Closely spaced longitudinal and transverse cracks showing raveling and crack erosion
• Severe block cracking
• Some alligator cracking (<25% of surface)
• Patches in fair to poor condition
• Moderate rutting or distortion (1-2" deep)
• Occasional potholes
• Needs patching and repair prior to major overlay

PASER Scale

Map of Oakwoods Subdivision

The evaluation of the subdivision streets included ratings of 10, 6, 5, 4, and 3. The majority of the streets fall within the middle to lower end of the scale.

Terminology

Raveling

Raveling is progressive loss of pavement material from the surface downward, caused by:

• stripping of the bituminous film from the aggregate
• asphalt hardening due to aging
• poor compaction (especially in cold weather construction)
• or insufficient asphalt content

Slight to moderate raveling has loss of fines. Severe raveling has loss of coarse aggregate. Raveling in the wheel paths can be accelerated by traffic. Protect pavement surfaces from the environment with a sealcoat or a thin overlay if additional strength is required.

Terminology

Flushing

Flushing is excess asphalt on the surface caused by a poor initial asphalt mix design or by paving or seal coating over a flushed surface. Repair by blotting with sand or by overlaying with properly designed asphalt mix.

Terminology

Polishing

Polishing is a smooth slippery surface caused by traffic wearing off sharp edges of aggregates. Repair with sealcoat or thin bituminous overlay using skid-resistant aggregate.

Terminology

Rutting

Rutting is displacement of material, creating channels in wheel paths. It is caused by traffic compaction or displacement of unstable material. Severe rutting (over 2") may be caused by base or subgrade consolidation. Repair minor rutting with overlays. Severe rutting requires milling the old surface or reconstructing the roadbed before resurfacing.

Terminology

Distortion

Shoving or rippling is surfacing material displaced crossways to the direction of traffic. It can develop into washboarding when the asphalt mixture is unstable because of poor quality aggregate or improper mix design. Repair by milling smooth and overlaying with stable asphalt mix. Other pavement distortions may be caused by settling, frost heave, etc. Patching may provide temporary repair. Permanent correction usually involves removal of unsuitable subgrade material and reconstruction.

Terminology

Transverse Cracks

A crack at approximately right angles to the center line is a transverse crack. They are often regularly spaced. The cause is movement due to temperature changes and hardening of the asphalt with aging. Prevent water intrusion and damage by sealing cracks which are more than 1/4" wide.

Terminology

Reflection Cracks

Cracks in overlays reflect the crack pattern in the pavement underneath. They are difficult to prevent and correct. Thick overlays or reconstruction is usually required.

Terminology

Slippage Cracks

Crescent or rounded cracks in the direction of traffic, caused by slippage between an overlay and an underlying pavement. Slippage is most likely to occur at intersections where traffic is stopping and starting. Repair by removing the top surface and resurfacing using a tack coat.

Terminology

Longitudinal Cracks

Cracks running in the direction of traffic are longitudinal cracks. Center line or lane cracks are caused by inadequate bonding during construction or reflect cracks in underlying pavement. Longitudinal cracks in the wheel path indicate fatigue failure from heavy vehicle loads. Cracks within one foot of the edge are caused by insufficient shoulder support, poor drainage, or frost action. Cracks usually start as hairline or vary narrow and widen and erode with age. Without crack filling, they can ravel, develop multiple cracks, and become wide enough to require patching.

Terminology

Block Cracks

Block cracking is interconnected cracks forming large blocks. Cracks usually intersect at nearly right angles. Blocks may range from one foot to approximately 10' or more across. The closer spacing indicates more advanced aging caused by shrinking and hardening of the asphalt over time. Repair with sealcoating during early stages to reduce weathering of the asphalt. Overlay or reconstruction required in the advanced stages.

Terminology

Alligator Cracks

Interconnected cracks forming small pieces ranging in size from about 1" to 6". This is caused by failure of the surfacing due to traffic loading (fatigue) and very often also due to inadequate base or subgrade support. Repair by excavating localized areas and replacing base and surface. Large areas require reconstruction. Improvements in drainage may often be required.

Terminology

Patches

Original surface repaired with new asphalt patch material. This indicates a pavement defect or utility excavation which has been repaired. Patches with cracking, settlement or distortions indicate underlying causes still remain. Recycling or reconstruction are required when extensive patching shows distress.

Street Evaluation

Woodhavens Drive

Street Evaluation

Timber View Drive

Street Evaluation

Yew Court

Street Evaluation

Clearbrook Court

Street Evaluation

Ivy Court

Street Evaluation

Timber View Drive

Street Evaluation

Shagbark Court

Street Evaluation

Scenic Point

Street Evaluation

Lake View Point

Street Evaluation

Spiria Court

Street Evaluation

Edgewood Court

Street Evaluation

Edgewood Court

Street Evaluation

Cedar Court

Street Evaluation

Juniper Lane

Street Evaluation

Woodhavens Drive

Street Evaluation

Cedar Court

Street Evaluation

Autumn Court

Street Evaluation

Timber View Court

Street Evaluation

Woodhavens Drive

Street Evaluation

Palm Court

Street Evaluation

Persimmon Place

Credits

• Evaluated by Jeff Kohl, Bloomington City Engineer
• Photographs and Notes by Anna Groebe and Ben Groebe
• Web page conversion by Jason Jerdee